Matthew 18:17
Tuesday, 31 March 2026
And if he refuses to hear them, tell it to the church. But if he refuses even to hear the church, let him be to you like a heathen and a tax collector. Matthew 18:17
“And if he should ignore them, you say to the out-calling. And if also the out-calling he ignores, he is to you as the ethnicity and the taxmen.” (CG)
In the previous verse, Jesus cited the precept from Deuteronomy concerning establishing a matter by two or three witnesses. He next says, “And if he should ignore them.”
A new word is seen, parakouó, to mishear. By implication, it then means to disobey. In this case, he simply ignores what has been presented, failing to hear their reason. The matter was brought up privately between the offended and the offender. That didn’t work, so the one offended brought witnesses to assist in adjudicating the matter. That attempt has failed. Therefore, the next step is noted by Jesus, “you say to the out-calling.”
This is the second time the out-calling is mentioned. It is a called-out group of people in any given context. Today, we call it the church. But the church didn’t exist as an entity until after the Pentecost recorded in Acts 2. Thus, saying “church” at this point is a bit of a misnomer. As for it being brought to the out-calling, Jesus next says, “And if also the out-calling he ignores.”
The word parakouó is used again. It will only be seen one more time, in Mark 5:36. This stubborn guy has now thrice ignored reason. Because of this, there is no more remedy available. And so Jesus says, “he is to you as the ethnicity and the taxmen.”
In this case, the ethnicity means a non-covenant person. Jesus, at the time, was speaking to the people of Israel. At the time, they were the covenant people. Therefore, it was anyone outside of their realm. The taxmen, even if in Israel, were outcasts from the people. They worked for the Romans and thus harmed the state of their own people. As such, this guy is now like an ethnicity, being out of the covenant graces. He is also like the taxmen, being at enmity with the cause.
Life application: In the epistles, Paul handles matters concerning such people in various ways –
“But now I have written to you not to keep company with anyone named a brother, who is sexually immoral, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or an extortioner—not even to eat with such a person.” 1 Corinthians 5:11
“And if anyone does not obey our word in this epistle, note that person and do not keep company with him, that he may be ashamed. 15 Yet do not count him as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother.” 2 Thessalonians 3:14, 15
“This charge I commit to you, son Timothy, according to the prophecies previously made concerning you, that by them you may wage the good warfare, 19 having faith and a good conscience, which some having rejected, concerning the faith have suffered shipwreck, 20 of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I delivered to Satan that they may learn not to blaspheme.” 1 Timothy 1:18-20
One can see that Paul had a variety of disciplinary methods for various infractions against the church. The circumstances dictated what he would do. What he says in 1 Corinthians and 2 Thessalonians is prescriptive and is to be adhered to.
Paying attention to what is going on in the word is important. Issues arise that must be addressed from time to time. Churches do not need books of order, books of discipline, etc., to make judgments within the congregation or for laying charges against elders and deacons.
These things are laid out in Scripture. Such books begin to take the place of Scripture in the minds of people. When this happens, and it inevitably does, the word loses its importance in the church. Later, when the morals of the church degrade, as is common, such books are amended to accommodate whatever perversion is now considered acceptable.
But the word of God cannot be amended. It stands as the rule and guide of the faith. Be sure to go to it, not some other source, to determine matters of church policy.
Lord God, help us to remember Your word for all occasions where we need spiritual guidance and direction. May we never forsake this precious gift You have blessed us with for conducting our life’s walk. Amen.
